JOURNAL OF CONVENTIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND HOLISTIC HEALTH
Journal of Conventional Knowledge and Holistic Health (ISSN 2581-3331) (Abbreviation: J Convent Knowl Holist Health) is an international research journal dedicated to publish all type of Review articles, Min-review articles, Research articles, Short communications, Case reports, Letter to Editor, Book reviews and Commentaries in the all areas of conventional medical systems including Ayurveda, Siddha, Yoga, Homeopath and Unani systems of medicine, Chinese traditional medicine, Sowa Rigpa, African, European, American, Brazilian and Australian traditional medicinal systems, herbal medicines, bioactive natural products, quality control of herbal products, isolation and identification of plant-derived bioactive compounds, etc. The journal aims to publish high-quality papers in all areas of traditional and alternative medicine, integrative medicine and conventional knowledge by following a holistic approach.
Role of Marma therapy and Agnikarma in the management of Vatakantaka (plantar fasciitis)
Vatakantaka, known as plantar fasciitis in modern medicine, is a common condition characterized by pain in the heel and bottom of the foot. It most commonly affects individuals between the ages of 40 and 60 years. The vitiation of Kapha and Vata doshas leads to pain in the Pada (foot), Parshini (heel), Gulpha (ankle), and Jangha (calf). The intensity of the pain may vary. Treatment involves both external and internal therapies, including Stahnika Snehana, Upanaha, Agnikarma, Raktav-sechana, Bandhana, Viddhakarma, and Abhyantara Snehapana. Additionally, Marma therapy helps to open channels and enhance bodily circulation. This review article aims to bridge traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with modern clinical practices, offering insights into the potential of Marma therapy and Agnikarma in effectively managing plantar fasciitis. The therapeutic mechanisms, clinical evidence, and practical applications of these Ayurvedic treatments are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of their efficacy in relieving plantar fasciitis symptoms.
Current trends in seaweeds as a functional food: Nutritional health perspective
The world's need for food grains obtained from non-traditional sources among the various food sources available in the world is increasing day by day. Accordingly, in countries with geographical and climatic diversity, awareness about food grains and the nutrients, medicinal components, etc. obtained from them is also increasing in recent times. In this context; Seaweeds have emerged as a prominent functional food due to their diverse nutritional composition and potential health benefits. Rich in essential nutrients like proteins, dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals, as well as bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and polysaccharides, seaweeds offer significant contributions to human health. The present article reviews current trends in consumable and therapeutic seaweeds which highlight their role in preventing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers. The unique bioactive properties of seaweeds, particularly their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, are being explored for improving gut health, immune modulation, and metabolic regulation. As consumer interest in plant-based and sustainable foods grows, seaweeds are increasingly incorporated into various food products, ranging from snacks to nutritional supplements. Overall, seaweeds present a promising avenue for developing nutritionally rich, health-promoting functional foods in the global market. The present review article deals with the various avenues of utilizing seaweeds as a functional human food putting a step ahead towards sustainable goals.
Artificial Intelligence in Ayurveda: amalgamation of modern technology with ancient traditional knowledge
Traditional medicine (TM) has proven effective in treating various diseases and has the potential to promote global health, aligning with the World Health Organization's mission of "Health for All." Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing a key role in improving global health, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to healthcare professionals is limited. In India, AI is already enhancing the speed and accuracy of disease diagnosis, supporting clinical care, advancing health research, and aiding public health interventions. The AI market in India is growing rapidly, projected to reach USD 8 billion by 2025. In 2024, the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre and Digital Health and Innovation hosted a meeting in India to explore how AI can advance traditional medicine. Several Indian AI initiatives, such as Bharat GPT and Desh Ka Prakriti Parikshan Abhiyan, focus on improving health awareness and personalized healthcare. Companies like CAYEIT, Kairali Ayurvedic Group, AyurAI, and NirogStreet are integrating AI with Ayurveda to provide individualized healthcare treatments, demonstrating the potential of AI to enhance and personalize Ayurvedic therapies globally. This research highlights the growing role of AI in Ayurveda and its capacity to improve healthcare access and outcomes worldwide.
A glimpse into Ayurvedic nutraceuticals and traditional snacks (Bhaksya Varga) according to Acharya Sushruta
In modern science, food items are primarily classified based on their chemical composition, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, and are referred to as nutraceuticals. In the classical Ayurvedic text Sushruta Samhita, Acharya Sushruta describes Bhaksya Varga (snacks) in terms of their Rasa, Virya, and Vipaka. These classifications are based on the biological actions of food. According to Ayurveda, a proper and balanced diet (Ahara) plays a crucial role in healing and prevention. A good and proper Ahara in illness is worth a hundred medicines, and no medication can benefit a patient who does not follow a proper dietary regimen. Ayurveda emphasizes the prevention of diseases and the promotion of health through proper diet and lifestyle (Ahara and Vihara). While the concept of nutraceuticals has gained popularity in recent times, its roots can be traced back to ancient Indian medical traditions. Ayurveda clearly states that food not only provides nutrition but also helps in maintaining overall health. The concept of Anna Kalpana, the formulation of food for both healthy and diseased individuals, was developed by our Acharyas, emphasizing the importance of diet in both normal and diseased states.
Biodiversity Brazil Cultivation Medicinal plants Tonic
Medicinal plants play a crucial role in primary healthcare in numerous developing nations, primarily due to limited modern infrastructure, healthcare resources, traditional acceptance, pharmaceutical drug availability, and the effectiveness of these plants in addressing diseases that may not be effectively treated with modern therapies. This analysis delves into the phytochemistry, ethnomedical applications, pharmacological characteristics, and bioavailability of Berberis aquifolium, Curcuma longa, Echinacea angustifolia, and Thuja occidentalis, particularly in the context of treating dermatological issues. The research also investigates the potential of these compounds in the pharmaceutical industry, incorporating insights from clinical and toxicological studies. A comprehensive review of scientific literature led to the conclusion that these plants exhibit significant anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties, making them safe for application on human skin.
Cirrhosis Cross-sectional study Fatty liver disease Steatositis score Type II diabetes mellitus
This survey-based study aimed to explore the native as well as exotic medicinal plants of Canavieira and São Gonçalo do Gurguéia regions of Brazil. Various places including Floriano, Guadalupe, Gurguéia, Canto do Buriti, Canavieira, Monastery of the Catholic Church, etc. Both wild and cultivated plants have been surveyed to collect information on their medicinal and commercial applications. Various well-known medicinal plants including Phyllanthus amarus, Cymbopogon citratus, Lippia alba, Cassia fistula and Corchorus olitorius were recorded in this region. Many plants suitable for large-scale cultivation were also documented during this survey.
Exploring the role of type II diabetes mellitus and obesity as risk factors in patients afflicted with fatty liver disease
Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) frequently coexists with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Obesity, often considered as a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. FLD encompasses a spectrum of presentations, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, with a staggering prevalence of 75% among T2DM patients. Overweight/obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are closely associated with FLD. Noninvasive assessment and disease staging rely on factors such as age, sex, lipid profile, BMI, and diagnostic modalities like Steatositis scores and Stiffness values, aiding early FLD detection and fibrosis prediction. The management of FLD in the context of T2DM and Obesity primarily targets improving IR and glycemia, serving as a key treatment approach. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between T2DM and Obesity as risk factors for Fatty Liver Disease patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023, involving 90 patients aged ≥30 years with a history of FLD, comprising 45 with T2DM and 45 with Obesity, selected from the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf City, Iraq. All patients were diagnosed by physicians, and Fibro Scan results were used for examination and assessment. The FLD patient group was categorized into subgroups based on the presence of T2DM and Obesity. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles were measured using the colorimetric method. The study findings revealed no statistically significant difference in mean age between the two groups. However, significant differences were observed between the T2DM and Obesity groups in terms of mean BMI, Steatositis score, Stiffness, Fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Steatositis score demonstrated a significant correlation with BMI (r=0.286, p=0.006), a negative association with serum TG level (r=-0.07, p=0.01), and a positive correlation with TC level (r=0.80, p=0.0001). Furthermore, the steatositis score positively correlated with Stiffness level (r=0.387, p=0.0001). This study underscores the elevated prevalence of FLD in patients with T2DM and Obesity, shedding light on the risk factors associated with FLD. It emphasizes the need for further large-scale studies to assess the impact of lifestyle modifications, including physical activity and dietary changes, on FLD and glycemic control status.
Role of Pathya-Apathya and its impact on common neurological disorders in children
Ayurveda is an age-old practice of ancient Indian medicine methodology. A profuse number of varying neurological disorders are cited throughout the Charak indriyasthana in a dispersed manner. The present study attempts to screen various references pertaining to the study of pathya apathya and its role in neurological disorders. The concept of pathya and apathya itself emphasizes the treatment of various disorders. It has been mentioned in the Samhitas that vata dosh plays a crucial role in these disorders and various neurological disorders come under the group of vata vyadhis. Among the tridoshas, the supremacy of vata dosha is explained by Acharyas as vata plays a vital role in various neurological disorders. No medicine is needed if pathya apathya is followed properly and also there is no use of medicine if pathya-apathya is not followed properly. Various neurological disorders include cerebral palsy, autism, ADHD, epilepsy, dyslexia, etc. and the healing science of Ayurveda with the impact of pathya and apathya for improvement of these disorders becomes more important. Therefore, with the help of this paper, the scientific evaluation of pathya-apathya ahar-vihar mentioned in Ayurvedic literature for neurological disorders in children is discussed in detail.
Concept of Achara Rasayana in Ayurveda – an effective behavioural therapy for health management
Various dimensions of human beings have been dealing with Ayurveda for a long time. In the aetiology of various diseases, all the factors like physiological as well as psychological have been given equal importance. Ayurveda advocates a unique concept of positive behaviour to maintain the mental and emotional balance under Achara Rasayana. We are living in so sophisticated society that we are moving away from our essence. The deadly outcome of such a modern society is stress. Ayurveda deals with various dimensions of human beings. Achara Rasayana's principles are based on the fact that one should live life in harmony with nature. It teaches about virtuous behaviours which are necessary to develop a healthy society. It also works in the way to calmness of mind which is necessary to develop spiritual aspect. It is one of the eight major divisions of Astanga Ayurveda. This strategy regulates behavioural social conduct which ensures a healthy life in a healthy society. Following the rules which are described in Achara Rasayana, create rejuvenation in person which in turn help in the qualitative promotion of Dhatu and Ojas which are vital factors in health and immunity. A careful analysis of the qualities of Achar Rasayana reveals that most of them are related to manas, dhi, and dhriti, along with good conduct and this results in maximum benefits. The principles of Achar Rasayana are more relevant today than ever. The following of Sadavritta and achar rasayana is of utmost importance to maintain the healthy and happy sociophysiological well-being of a person.
Significance of Marma Sharir in Ayurvedic classical text
Ayurveda is an ancient science which deals with the maintenance of health as well as the cure of a diseased person. It also deals with the thorough study of Sharir Rachana which comprises of human body and its constituents like asthi, sandhi, marma, kala etc. Ayurveda also explained different terminologies like koorcha, sira, dhamani, seemantha, etc. These all deal with scientific study of the subject Sharira Rachana which is compared to human anatomy in modern science. An important concept explained in Ayurveda is called Marma. Marma Vigyan deals with the position and utilization of different vital points in the body. According to our Acharayas, there is one hundred seven marma present in our body. Especially, we get the complete explanation of marma in the Trimarmiya Sidhi Adhyaya. In this chapter, there is an explanation of the definition of the marma, its types, relation to the panchamahabhutas, effects after injury and treatment. Their sadhyata and asadhayata are also explained in this section. Marma is basically classified into five types depending on the anatomical structures that are mamsa, sira, sanayu, asthi and sandhi. In addition, marma are also classified depending on their location. Hence, we are going to rewind the complete knowledge of Marma explained in Ayurvedic literature.Department of Rachana Sharir, Sri Ganganagar College of Ayurvedic Science and Hospital, Sri Ganganagar-335002, Rajasthan, India
Study of preservation and storage methods for Gmelina arborea (Gambhari) fruits
Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) is one of the important medicinal plants used in Ayurveda. In fresh fruits of Gambhari, the moisture content is higher and the rate of deterioration is also higher over a short period of time if not handled appropriately. So, the use of drying techniques is encouraged as it reduces postharvest losses and provides easiness in storage and transport, and ensures product availability throughout the year. This study aims to provide a drying method of preservation of Gambhari fruits for further use. Among the various drying techniques, the natural method of preservation of fruit i.e. sun drying was used for 15 days. The preservation method of Gambhari fruits was completed in total 6 steps that were collection, washing, spreading, drying, screening, packing and storage. The total time duration in drying was 15 days during which fruits were shrunk and reduced in size. The present study may encourage researchers in pharmaceutical and clinical research to easily understand about preservation and storage of Gambhari fruits.
Scale-up cultivation of medicinal plants by agricultural nanotechnology and Vrikshayurveda
The significance of the cultivation and conservation of plants and crops is increasing day by day due to the increasing population and requirements. So, agriculture is one of the ways that can be used for the scale-up of plants. Nowadays different agricultural techniques are developing for the sustainable development of plants. Along with crops, the cultivation of medicinal plants is also an area where we must focus because the demand for herbal products is gaining popularity. Traditional methods of cultivation are mentioned in different Ayurvedic classics. Vrikshayurveda is a special branch of Ayurveda which speaks about the importance of plants. If advanced techniques are in cooperation with traditional methods, it will be an advantage for the agricultural sector. Nanotechnology is one of the sciences which are gaining dominance in every field of the universe. It is the technology which alters the character of a material by changing it into a very minute nano level. Agriculture is one of the branches which utilizes the different methods of nano-techniques such as nano-priming, nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticides, nano-herbicides, nano-growth promoters and so on. Different methods given in this article are taken from various classical books mentioning the cultivation of plants in Ayurveda, and articles about the research in nanotechnology, agricultural techniques and practices. Different concepts related to various gunas (attributes) are mentioned in Ayurveda for drugs like sukshma (subtle) and tikshna (intense). These are helpful in developing biogenic nanoparticles using different herbal drugs for cultivation, diagnosis and treatment which will make no harm to both environment and humans.
Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
A resurgence of interest in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine has resulted in the preference of health seekers towards a holistic approach and products of natural origin. Though chemical fertilizers can enhance the yield, however, it will be at the cost of soil fertility. Meantime, the alternatives such as age-old Vrikshayurveda practices which are organic in nature should be evaluated on medicinal plants for their acceptance and wider utility. The aim of this work is to review the relevancy of agricultural techniques mentioned in the Vrikshayurveda for the organic cultivation of medicinal plants. All the relevant data and information on Vrikshayurveda were assembled from the classical Ayurvedic literature and review and research articles from peer-reviewed journals. The adoption of various Vrikshayurveda-based agro techniques would certainly promote the sustainable growth of medicinal plants and improve the viability of the seeds of endangered plant species for better germination. This will ultimately enhance the quality as well as the production of raw materials for the production of medicines. Vrikshayurveda treatments were effective in terms of growth, physiological, biochemical, yield and quality attributes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of Vrikshayurveda treatments on the quality and quantity of biomedically important phyto-compounds. Consequently, to reduce the pressure on agriculture for higher production, economical and eco-friendly Vrikhayurveda practices can be initiated for sustainable agriculture and can be considered as an alternative to conventional agricultural practices.
Nadi Vigyan Nidhi (treasure of pulse science) and Nadi Vikriti (distorted pulse) – an Ayurvedic concept
Nadi Vigyan is a vast and accurate science for diagnosing diseases. In ancient times, laboratory and ultrasound screening facilities were not available. Even then Pulse Diagnosis was popular for assessing the health condition of patients. This science is correlated with different Gods like Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Health status can be assessed with the help of various parameters of Nadi Vigyan. Those parameters are Colour, Temperature, Circulation, Smell, Direction of flow and Strength Time. Each Nadi has its own colour like white, black, or yellowish-reddish-blue. During touch, the temperature difference is observed in the form of warm, cool, semi-warm and cool. While observing Nadi flow, its peak could be irregular, long length or short length type. Nadi can be of different smells like without smell, sharp and medium smell. The movements of Nadi is in three directions that are upward, downward and oblique. It also varies in relation to weight i.e. light and heavy. In the daytime, interpreting Nadi is not similar to at night. Working strength is more in the daytime as compared to nighttime. Claudius Galen was said to be the first physiologist to describe the pulse in modern sciences but according to Ayurveda, this knowledge was transferred from Lord Shiva to Ravana and God Inder. From God Inder, it is again given to Kanaad. Both Ravana and Kanaad wrote their own books. Modern ECG is nothing but a refined, graphed and documented modern study of Nadi Vigyan. Although precautionary measures have a major role in Nadi Preeksha (study), an exact and more accurate interpretation of Nadi Gyan is the need of the hour to feel proud of our ancient sages in alleviating diseases.
Qualitative antenatal care with Ayurveda regime, Yoga and Pranayama - a spiritual journey
Ayurveda is evolved in the basics of holistic concepts of health. It has deep practicability of philosophical, oriental methodologies providing individualized medical care. Science also looks after the geographical and social parts of the individual. Garbhini paricharya (antenatal care regime) is mentioned in ancient Ayurveda texts for best progeny. A detailed and comprehensive diet plan is being practised only by the vaidyas of the classical medical tradition. In this article, we are giving a broad expanse of the month-wise diet, which can be modified according to the age, season, place, constitution, and digestive fire of the pregnant woman as per Ayurveda texts. Pregnancy itself is a stress. Ayurvedic interventions along with spiritual practices can take care of the physiological and psychological aspects of normal pregnancy. With the practices of Yoga, Pranayama can give holistic care during pregnancy. The article gives a multidimensional Garbhasanskar approach to qualitative antenatal care.
Exploration of nutraceutical properties of Rhododendron arboreum and Myrica esculenta to fulfil market demand and socio-economic development of rural people of Chachiot and Thunag regions of Mandi (Himachal Pradesh)
Inhabitants of the hilly regions largely depend on wild herbs for medicine and food supplements. The indigenous knowledge and traditional use of these wild herbs are vanishing fast. Chachiot and Thunag Tehsils of Mandi District are rich repositories of wild medicinal herbs. Among them includes Rhododendron arboretum Sm. and Myrica esculenta. They have been long used for medicinal and edible purposes. Moreover, their flowers, fruits and other value-added products are sold in the domestic market by the local people. This study aimed to investigate nutritional, and medicinal and to access market demand for the socio-economic development of rural people of the study area. Local inhabitants of Chachiot and Thunag collect their flowers and fruits seasonally from March to May. These are good sources of food, medicine and income for local people. However, the recent upsurge in their use and demand has led to illicit harvesting for trade and habitat loss pushing these to the verge of extinction.
Attitude and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures - lockdown and vaccination among Niger Delta University students
The aim of the present research is to evaluate the practice of COVID-19 and attitude towards COVID-19 preventive measures among students of Niger Delta University. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 350 Niger Delta University students. Respondents were drawn from the Faculties of Pharmacy (75, 21%), Nursing (80, 23%), Management science (150, 42%) and Arts (45, 13%). Three departments were chosen from each faculty; the respondents comprised 400 level students (36%), 300 level (21%), 100 level and 500 level (16%) respectively and 200 level (12%). The majority of the students were between the age of 18-25 years (63%), 25-30 years (35%) and 30 years and above (2%). The study had more males (55%) and of the Ijaw ethnic group (55%). A mean of 267 (76.3%) students were in agreement with the COVID-19 protocols whereas 83 (23.7%) had dissenting voices. The most adopted measure was wearing a facial mask (100%). The most applied measures were washing hands more frequently with soap and water (98%), use of hand sanitizers (96%), avoiding going out of the home unnecessarily (95%), staying at home whenever they fell sick (94%); use of disinfectants and solutions (91%), avoidance of handshaking, hugging and kissing (84%). A total of 79% of the respondents Always (6%) or Sometimes (73%) defiled the lockdown order for no special reasons. Regarding academic studying experience, 36% and 41% respectively reported the lockdown to be Somewhat stressful and Moderately Stressful; only 8% found it Extremely Stressful. About 64% of respondents had not been vaccinated. Out of those who had been vaccinated, 76% and 24% respectively had taken 1 or 2 doses. The majority of the participants reported good attitudes and adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures such as lockdown and vaccination.
Research methodology in Ayurveda – advances and recommendations
Like any other science, even the science of Ayurveda envisages certain principles and concepts that have been either imbibed or developed from different contemporary fields of knowledge that were existing during its development phase. Hence, the system had grown based on the concepts that were proposed and propagated by the Darshanas (Philosophies) which were suitably modified for the development of many other concepts suitable to explain and apply various technical, conceptual and practical queries. These concepts became the basis of the whole science upon which it stands even today. But today, the scenario has changed and the acceptance of any fact or science is through an evidence-based system. Hence time requires that even though there are many instances where Ayurveda has proved to be a better option that can give cure even to the toughest of health problems, it is quite necessary that they are properly researched and the data is well presented to make it get the recognition that it rightfully deserves. The present paper deals with what and how we can develop the research modules to cater for the present need of Ayurveda.
Bhagandar (fistula-in-ano) in Sushruta Samhita and Vagbhat
Fistula-in-ano is an abnormal tract with an external opening in the perianal area that is communicating with the rectum in the high anal fistula or anal canal in the low anal fistula by an internal opening. Sushruta, the great ancient surgeon, described a disease Bhagandar in Nidan sthan. There are different types of Bhagandar mentioned in Sushruta nidan sthan which still come to notice during practice. Some rare Bhagandar types like Bahirmukh and Antarmukh also came to the notice of surgeons. The treatment for Bhagandar is a big challenge due to its site. Acharya Sushruta also mentioned different types of incision for surgery of Bhagandar which are still practiced in modern science.
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants of Tehri Garhwal used for skin problems caused by ultraviolet exposure
The present investigation focuses on the use of ethnomedicinal plants found in the district Tehri Garhwal for the treatment of skin ailments caused by prolonged exposure to harmful sun UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to harmful UV rays results in skin reddening, irritation, inflammation, flakiness, hyperpigmentation, photoaging, sunburn, blisters, immunosuppression and may even lead to skin cancer. The extensive and intensive survey was carried out in the district Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. The villages visited were Dharsal Gaon, Sondkoti, Badon Gaon, Dargi, Semalta, Kemwal Gaon, Manogi, Chaamni, Koldar, Kotdwar, Sursingdhar, Guldi, Nakot, Dikhol gaon, Saabli, Jaakh, Jaghdhar, Lamkot, Kathuli, Naagni, Madan Negi, Chhamund, Dang, Dobra, Kandikhal, Koti, Uniyal Gaon and Pathiana. This informative investigation was carried out through personal interviews with the local inhabitants, especially local Vaidyas or medicinal practitioners, old-aged men and women, Gujjars and shepherds. We collected information about 22 plant species belonging to 19 families and 22 different genera, i.e., Aloe indica Royle, Avena sativa L., Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., Calendula officinalis L., Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Cannabis sativa L., Cassia fistula L., Citrus lemon (L.) Osbeck, Curcuma domestica Valeton., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Helianthus annus L., Juglans regia L., Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roemer, Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh., Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., Ocimum basilicum L., Piper nigrum L., Portulaca oleracea L., Prunus armeniaca L., Ricinus communis L., Rubia cordifolia L. and Solanum tuberosum L. The dominant families were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Rosaceae with 2 species each.
Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of Epipremnum aureum on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
The present study aimed to examine and compare the antidiabetic effect of different extracts of Epipremnum aureum on blood glucose levels, lipid profile, renal and hepatic function of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The animals showed a significant increase in the levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, urea, uric acid, creatinine and total protein and a decrease in the HDL and antioxidant (SOD, GSH) levels when compared to the normal animals. The results demonstrated that ethanol extract showed more significant results as compared to acetone and chloroform extracts and also to standard preparation of Aloe vera.
Comparative quantification of berberine and antimicrobial activity of different extracts from stem and root of Berberis aristata
Berberis aristata is used as a traditional medicine in India to accelerate the process of wound healing. Comparative antimicrobial activity of different samples obtained from the stem and root of Berberis aristata was evaluated against two Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri) and a lipolytic yeast (Candida aaseri). The extraction was done using hot continuous extraction and maceration methods to compare the concentration of berberine and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity by the well diffusion method. The results showed that the hydroalcoholic root extract obtained by the hot continuous extraction process possessed a higher concentration of berberine than other extracts. Moreover, the hydro-alcoholic root extract was also found most effective against microbial strains. The study suggested that berberine might be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the extract of Berberis aristata.
Sutkeri Masala – A Nepali traditional recipe and effective puerperal health tonic
Health promotion in developing countries like Nepal is almost impossible without developing Ayurveda and incorporating it into the national health care system. Reproduction, child health, maternal nutrition and diet are mentioned in Ayurveda classics. Normal puerperium is six weeks post-delivery period when the maternal system returns to a pre-gravid state. In traditional Nepali culture use of Ayurveda based recipe is popular in different ethnic societies for healthy puerperium & postnatal period. Methika, Yavani, Nepali Soop, Maricha, Chokada, Madhise Badam, Kaju, Mishri, Jaiphal, Gond, Dalchini, Ghrita, Narikel, Battisa and Khuwa are the ingredients of Sutkeri Masala. The preparation of the same resembles Abaleha Kalpana. Regular use of Sutkeri Masala in the dose of 10 to 20 grams twice daily during the puerperal period helps in the healthy restoration of physiological changes in pregnancy. Sutkeri Masala is safe and time tested traditional Nepali recipe. It is helpful in restoration of changes in pregnancy, prevention of complications in puerperium, lactation promotion and healthy newborn.
Ayurvedic concept of daily regimen and its correlation with the modern era
Today people are being more modern and slowly we have started to follow western culture, diet as well as regimen also. People cannot understand that western countries have a different climate than India. According to the climate, they are following their culture, diet and daily regimen. For example normally in western countries, the climate is cold so they should get heat from their diet, for this they are using bread or bun or their most common food doughnuts. These diets belong to wheat, which gives more heat to the body. They are doing continuous work because they want to keep on their bodies hot to survive in that climate. But in India, the climate is different according to place, if we are going to north India in Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and Haryana, we will get cold weather, if we are going to west India in Rajasthan, Gujarat and all we will get hot weather so like this at every place the climate is different. So, the diet and regimen also should be different. Now people are going to doctor or dieticians or professional physiotherapists to ask about diet and all, from them some common things will come out that is, to eat healthy food, drink milk, more intake of water, to eat green vegetables, etc. etc. Only some good doctors or dieticians or professional physiotherapists will give different diets from person to person. Now a day’s people have turned to Āyurveda because they understand the side effects of allopathic medicines. People are now going to Āyurvedic and Naturopathic centres for health maintenance. People have eager to know how to live life healthily without taking any kind of medicine. For this, the best way is to follow Āyurveda. According to Āyurveda the regimen and diet are based on Deś (place), Kāla (time), Deh Prakṛti (immunity) and all. The present article is all about the common regimen for everyone according to Āyurveda. This is not a complete regimen for anyone. Although the regimen for each person will differ, some common things mentioned here can be easily followed. Before this, so many scholars have worked over the Dincaryā topic, but either their researches are particularly on a single regimen or with the concentration over diseased people. Here the uniqueness of this study is implementing of anciently described regimen in the modern era with minimum technical words so that the common people also can understand very easily.
Intraspecific variability of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum alatum from North-Western Himalaya
Hydro-distilled essential oils of mature seeds of Zanthoxylum alatum DC. from nineteen populations of the North-Western Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India) were analysed using GC and GC/MS techniques to determine the intraspecific chemical variability. Altogether, 39 compounds were identified in the oils, and a relatively high variation in their contents was found. The oils were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (17.44–68.53%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (13.53–69.12%). The main constituents of the essential oils were linalool (3.5–46.5%), limonene (0.82–41.5%), β-phellandrene (0.24–37.6%), terpinen-4-ol (0.02–21.9%), 2-undecanone (0.16–18.2%), sabinene (0.34–17%), E-methyl cinnamate (0.02–15.7%), 1,8-cineole (0.03–15.2%), myrcene (0.65–13.8%) and trans-caryophyllene (0.04–10.66%). For the determination of the chemotypes and the intraspecific chemical variability, the essential oil components were subjected to cluster analysis. The five different chemotypes characterized were Chemotype I (limonene), Chemotype II (linalool/ sabinene/ 2-undecanone), Chemotype III (linalool), Chemotype IV (limonene/ -phellandrene/ linalool) and Chemotype V (-phellandrene/ linalool/ sabinene).
Health seeking behavior among tertiary school female students with Dysmenorrhea in Delta State, South-South, Nigeria
Dysmenorrhea, also referred to as painful menstruation, is a common chronic pelvic pain syndrome that affects women that are of childbearing age and it is positively linked with recurrent short-term absence from school among adolescent girls accompanied by diminished health-related quality of life. This study examined various correlates of healthcare-seeking behavior for dysmenorrhea among female students in three tertiary institutions in the Delta state of Nigeria. The research design was cross-sectional employing the questionnaire as a research instrument. A total of 400 female students randomly selected in the three tertiary institutions, filled and returned the questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential methods were used to analyze the data. The most recurring age groups in COE and DELSU were 16-21years (49.3% and 54% respectively) while DSSH was 22-27years (39%). Over 75% of all respondents were single;. Across the institutions, the majority (26.3%) visited the chemist, 22.3% the pharmacy, 13.0% the hospital and 1.5% sought health care from herbal and spiritual homes. For self-medication, 59.8% used Paracetamol and 1.5% resorted to herbs to relieve menstrual pain. Generally, more people patronized private health facilities; there was a significant difference across educational institutions (p<0.05) in the first point of call during menstrual pains/cramps, Self-medication usage, Herbal preparation usage and Effectiveness of self-medication. The use of self-medication had a relationship with the severity of cramps in all institutions, [COE (p=0.009), DELSU (p=0.036) and DSSH (p=0.036). Overall, the magnitude of appropriate healthcare-seeking behavior was satisfactory.
Ayurvedic concept of immunity with special reference to immunomodulatory herbs
A systematic literature review on immunomodulatory herbs of Ayurveda was conducted to explore their clinical potential. A variety of plant-based principles with potential immunomodulatory action have been identified, which may explain and justify their usage in traditional medicine in the past and can also serve as a foundation for future studies. This review aims to highlight the findings of research on plant-derived immunomodulators. Focusing the ethnopharmacological usage, the most relevant articles were chosen from the authentic databases of biomedical sciences. Different scientific online databases including Academic Search Premier, Embase, PubMed, Biological Abstracts, PLOS, Natural Standard, and Web of Science were used to conduct the present systematic literature search. Many plants, as well as certain phytoconstituents, have been implicated in the present study. The study also focuses on the mechanism of action of different plant medicines. The present review would be helpful in designing new research studies on medicinal plants with immunomodulatory properties.
A retrospective survey on the relationship between Prakriti (body constitution) and mental health
Prakriti of a person means original creation that is translated as a person’s constitution. There are two types of Prakriti viz. Shareerika and Manasika are described in ancient Ayurveda texts. While Vata, Pitta and Kapha determine the characteristics of the body (Shareere), the Sattva, Rajas and Tamo Guna are said to influence the attitudes and behaviour of an individual. Mental status can be defined as a comprehensive description or statement of a patient’s intellectual capacity, emotional state and general mental health based on the examiner's observations and directed interview including assessment of mood, behaviour, orientation, judgment, memory, problem-solving ability and contact with reality. The present study aims to establish the inter-relationship between Prakriti and mental state and to find out the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. A retrospective survey was conducted on Ayurvedic Medical Officers with the help of Bachelor of Ayurveda Medicine and Surgery graduates. All the participants were between the age group of 20-45 years. Both males and females were included in the training programme at the Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo. A self-assessment questionnaire was used for the survey. In the present study, the majority of participants belong to the age group between 31-40 years (92.8%) of which 88% of participants were females. It has been found that the majority of the participants were living in the Suburban area (49.4%) and their education level was recorded till graduation. The present study revealed that 56.6% of participants have Sathwa Manasika Prakriti whereas 44.6 participants have Pitta-Kapha Shareerika Prakriti. The mental state revealed 81.95% of normal, 13.3% of mild and 4.8% of moderate mental status. The study concludes that there was a significant relationship between Manasika Prakriti and mental status (p = 0.008) whereas the relationship of Shareerika Prakriti with mental status was found insignificant (p = 0.287).
Witchcraft and Myths about Covid-19 in Iraq
Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has recently appeared in China and had caused a million of infections and thousands of deaths. This epidemic has spread widely, such as wildfire and lethality in European countries and the United States of America. Those countries have faced this epidemic in scientific ways, and have taken measures of regional isolation and quarantine, as well as experimental and clinical research in pursuit of a successful drug or vaccine (Al-Kuraishy et al., 2020a; 2020b). In the meantime, the social networking sites buzzed between supporters and opponents of the existence of this epidemic. A social media platform, especially Facebook, has raised many conflicting theories about this epidemic, is it real or is it a political game between the big countries. Iraq and some of the neighbouring Arab countries were the victims of this media hype that adopted non-scientific means in spreading the events of this epidemic (Al-Kuraishy et al., 2020c; Al-Kuraishy and Al-Gareeb, 2020)
Indian cow and A2 beta-casein – A scientific perspective on health benefits
The cow has a special place in Hinduism since time immemorial due to the diverse health benefits of its products called Panchagavya. Ayurveda has well-described the medicinal benefits of cow milk, curd, ghee, dung and urine in indigestion, microbial infections, hormonal imbalance and neurological disorders. Indian cows are well-known for producing A2 beta-casein protein-containing milk which is useful in hormonal disorders including diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. On the other hand, milk containing A1 genotype of beta-casein has been considered to be harmful to health. Cow milk is proven to be a most nutritious food with the bio-protective effect which contains carotenes, vitamin A, vitamin B complex and vitamin C together with flavones, sterols and phenols. The present manuscript describes a general comparison between A1 and A2 variants of beta-casein based on scientific evidence. In view of the health benefits, the present work mainly emphasizes the conservation and propagation of indigenous Indian cow.